Phenomenon
Lunar Eclipse
When Earth's shadow falls on the Moon.
Happens at Full Moon when Sun-Earth-Moon align. The Moon turns deep red ('Blood Moon') during totality.
See also
Nutation
A small nodding of Earth's spin axis.
Van Allen Belts
Earth's twin doughnuts of trapped radiation.
Solar Eclipse
When the Moon stands between Earth and Sun.
Meteor Showers
Cosmic dust burning in our atmosphere.
Aurora (Northern/Southern Lights)
Solar wind painting the upper atmosphere.
Supernova
The catastrophic death of a massive star.